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■' bVl A LECTURE 



HISTORICAL RELATIONS 



B E T W E E N 



dngtatul and fteland, 



DELIVERED IN THE 



COOPER INSTITUTE, INT. Y., 
January 24.TH, 1866, 



BY 



WILLIAM BARON WALSH. 



Unprized are her sons, till they learn to betray, 
Undistinguished they live, if they shame not their sires, 

And the torch that must light them through dignity's way, 
Must bo caught from the pyre where their country expires. 

Moore. 



V 

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, 
AT FRANK McELROY'S MERCANTILE STEAM PRINTING ROOMS, 
No. 113 Nassau Street. 

1868. 



__b A 



Entered according to an Act of Congress in the year 18 '58, bj r 

WILLIAM BABON WALSH, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the 
Southern District of New York. 



LECTURE. 



Ladies and Gentlemen : — There is a land — a beautiful land 
— emerged from the Atlantic Ocean, and set off from the 
western shores of Europe ; — that is endowed by the bounty 
of nature, with a vitality equal to, if not superior to any 
equal circumference of the habitable Globe. A vitality in the 
salubrity of its climate, — a vitality in the fertility of its soil, — 
and a glorious vitality in the exalted attributes — in the noble, 
generous, heroic, — triumphant and undying virtues of its peo- 
ple. A land whose antiquity reaches so far bach into the re- 
motest ages, — that it becomes lost in the " twilight of Fable." 

As the golden beams of the sun illumined the Eastern 
horison, when it arose on the morning of Creation — so the 
early dawn of that land has been gilded by the golden 
halo of Oriental origin, institutions, and civilization. That 
Primeval Sunburst — became its ancient standard — and, 
although it has been obscured and clouded, through a long 
night of sorrow and tribulation — I trust, it will yet shine 
forth in all its resplendent glory before the admiring gaze 
of the civilized world. Indeed, it may well be surmised, that 
so fair a land must have been peopled by, the not remote, 
descendants of those who survived the Deluge , for it pos- 
sesses unmistakable vestiges of the very earliest civilization, 
its Round Towers, or Pyramids are coeval with, if not anterior 
to the Pyramids of Egypt. It was the sanctuary of the 
Druids, a pious, learned, and venerable order of Pagans, 
from whose Brehon chairs, the good old Brehon laws were 
administered with equal and exact justice to all, for ages 
before it simultaneously and uncoercedly embraced Christi- 
anity, when promulgated by the great Apostle, St. Patrick. 

It was peopled by several races before the advent of the 
Milesians, eleven hundred years before the Christian Era. 
This land was a nation possessing all the elements of nation- 
ality ; in full possession of learning and laws, civilization and 



governments, Kings and confederations of Kings, who held 
courts and councils, in gorgeous old Palaces — her Eman's 
and her Tara's ! Her trade and commerce flourished with 
nations long extinct, before the foundations of the modern 
nations of Europe were laid ; she traded with Tyre and Sidon 
long before the Saxon set his foot on British soil — yea, 
when the natives of Britain were nothing but naked, barba- 
rous and painted savages. This grand old land, — this nation 
I have briefly outlined, is the dear Ireland of our hearts, 
the birth land of the Irish race. 

' ' Lives there a man, with soul so dead, 
Who never to himself hath said, 
This is my own, my Native land. " 

Ladies and Gentlemen : — After St. Patrick christianized the 
Kings, and the Kings and St. Patrick christianized the 
people of Ireland ; she became the Sanctuary of Religion, 
and entered upon a career of the most exalted piety, learn- 
ing and religious zeal, unparalelled by any nation of ancient 
or modern times. 

She became, at once, the seat and centre of the most 
zealous religious enlightenment. From the fifth century, she 
became illustrious in Christendom, — men of every rank and 
station, flocked from the Continent of Europe, to avail them- 
selves of the superior learning of her schools and professors. 
She educated Alfred the Great, the greatest and best king 
that ever sat on the English throne, and one of the very few 
of her kings who was not a robber, a murderer, and a brute. 

From the fifth to the ninth century, she sent more mis- 
sionaries abroad, than any nation in Europe — than even Italy 
itself, which entitled her to the glorious appellation of the 
"Island of Saints." 

She inherited in a pre-eminent degree the command and 
mission, given by our Saviour to the Apostles, " Go ye and 
teach all Nations." That mission she has gloriously ful- 
filled, and continues to fulfill, through all the vicissitudes of 
the most appalling tyranny and persecutions that was ever 
instigated by the "World, the Flesh and the Devil. 

The Standard of the Cross, when borne by the hands and 
upheld by the pure, firm, and unadulterated faith of her 



children throughout every clime, is illumined by a more 
brilliant halo, and sanctified 1 y greater sufferings than can be 
claimed by any of the most favored children of the Church. 

During all this renowned period of her history, she realized 
a larger degree of freedom and prosperity than any nation 
in Europe. She was as free as the air of her own mountains. 
Free as the strains of Lor own National Harp. — She never 
bent her head beneath a foreign yoke, — the Imperial Eagles 
of Rome never floated their pinions over the heads of her 
children, the courage, bravery, patriotism, and martial spirit 
of her sons, were well attested in many a hard fought battle 
with the savage hordes of invading Danes, who were finally 
conquered and driven from the land, by the patriotic valor 
of her troops, led by the great Brien Borohme, who trampled 
their Raven in the dust, on the field of Clontarf, 23d of April, 
1014. A victory and a triumph which she alone of all the 
nations they ever invaded were able to accomplish. From 
that period she enjoyed freedom and prosperity, down to 
the year 1172. Oh ! Fatal year to Ireland and her children, 
the annals of mankind fail to furnish a parallel to the supreme 
iniquity and atrocity which inspired the minds, and governed 
the conduct of the iron-heeled invaders of her soil in that year. 

"We must avail ourselves of the Scriptural annals of the 
Creation of the "World to find a parallel, and the sequel will 
prove, that not more fatal to the happiness of mankind was 
the advent of the serpent in the garden of Eden, in entailing 
misery, desolation, and woe, on the human race, than was 
entailed by the advent of the invasion of Ireland by Henry 
the 2d, and his English Cohorts, in 1172, on her long suffer- 
ing children. After having acquired a foothold in Leinster, 
the territory of McMorrough, whose guilty, treacherous, and 
dishonorable career, was the first cause of the invasion, upon 
which, however, I will not dwell, with the exception of the 
remark — that Egypt had her Cleopatra, Troy, her Hellen, 
and Ireland, her Dearvorghal. 

McMorrough relinquished the sovereignty of his territory 
to Henry the 2d, and upon that precarious title, together 
with the forged or fraudulent grant or Bull of Pope Adrian, 
he usurped the sovereignty of the whole kingdom. 



6 

He invited the Kings of Ireland to sit in council with him, 
which they in good faith acceded to, and with whom he 
entered into a solemn compact or treaty, "conceding to 
them their sovereignty and government of their respective 
Kingdoms, to be kept in the same good and peaceable state in 
which they kept them, before his invasion.'" 

"Woe to the nation that sits in council with England, trust- 
ing in her good faith, that nation will rise from that council, 
as rose 

' ' The Danite, strong herculean Sampson, 
From the harlot lap of the Philistean Delilah, 
And waked shorn of his strength." 

She never yet kept faith with nations the moment it became 
her interests to violate it, with low intrigue, cunning subter- 
fuge, or base and open treachery, her first act of historical re- 
lations with Ireland was stamped with all those characteristics. 

Sir John Davies says : " Soon after his compact with the 
Kings of Ireland, Henry the 2d cantonized, or portioned out 
the whole surface of Ireland, to ten men of the English 
Nation ; granting to them and entitling them to be owners 
and lords of all Ireland, so that nothing was left to be granted 
to the natives, and therefore, we do not find in any record 
or history for the space of 300 years after those adven- 
turers first arrived in Ireland that any Irish lord obtained 
a grant of his country, from the crown." The English laws 
were extended to the invaders and settlers of course, and 
afterwards by special charter they were conceded, including 
the rights of property to five Irish families, who were styled 
in law pleading, persons of the " Five Bloods." These were 
the O'Niel's of Ulster, the O'Melachlin's of Heath, the 
O'Connor's of Connaught, the O'Brien's of Thomond, and 
the McMorrough's of Leinster. "With the exception of those 
five families, the whole people of Ireland were placed beyond 
the protection of the English Laws, and prohibited from the 
benefit and execution of their own Irish laws, wherever and 
whenever possible, so that they were in one vast body, con- 
sidered and treated, as outlaws, aliens, and Irish enemies in 
their own land by their English invaders, who enacted an 
inhuman law to prevent these same Irish enemies from 
leaving the country, and making it lawful for any English 



ruffian to rob, maim, or murder them wherever found, with 
perfect impunity ; for this unheard of wantonness of cruelty 
we have the authority of the English statute itself, and the 
express testimony of the Scotch Protestant historian, Sir 
James Mcintosh, who says, that " during the dreadful period 
of four hundred years, the laws of the English government 
in Ireland, did not punish the murder of one man of Irish 
blood as a crime." 

Sir John Davies says, that " The mere Irish were not only 
counted aliens, but enemies, and altogether out of the protec- 
tion of the laws, so it was no capital offence to kill them ; 
and this is manifest by many records." The refinement of 
villainy and fiendish malignity, could go no further. 

The leading principle or maxim of England in her govern- 
ment of Ireland, from the beginning, down to our own day, 
has been that atrocious Machiavelyan maxim, " Divide et 
imjpera" divide and rule, and it has been by the cohesive 
persistency, in subtle and vicious cunning, and the most 
diabolical machinations, by which she has acted on that 
maxim, that has enabled her to maintain her hold on Ireland 
through all those long and dreary centuries. 

Such were the laws, and principles, and maxims, that 
inspired the English invaders of Ireland, such was the enemy 
the Irish chieftains and the Irish people had to war with, 
for the very land, and liberty, and life, they inherited from 
their God. A war they bravely and heroically maintained 
for 400 years, with only an occasional cessation of hostilities, 
the Irish keeping the invaders within the pale or district 
originally occupied by the English, so called from having 
palings for defence, erected around their limits. 

At, or soon after the invasion, the pale extended over twelve 
counties, but at the period of the reign of Henry the 8th, the 
pale was limited to four counties only, their limits, extending 
and contracting according to the fortunes of war, the Irish 
invariably defeating the English, whenever they penetrated 
into the interior of the country, but from the pale they were 
never able to dislodge them. 

Ladies and Gentlemen: — I now approach a period in the 
historical relations between England and Ireland, commen- 



8 

cing with the reign of Henry the 8th, — that man who has 
been branded by all impartial men, of every shade of opinion, 
as the Nero of the 16th century ; that monster of whom it 
has been truly said, " that he never spared man in his anger, 
or woman in his lust." 

The lessons of history bear unmistakable evidence of an 
ail-wise, just and overruling providence, over the transactions 
of mankind, and of nations. 

This period of English history teaches an appalling 
and terrible lesson of the just and inevitable retribution 
of an outraged God. 

It clearly teaches that for her centuries of crime, her 
hideous, monstrous, and untold crimes committed on a 
brave, virtuous and high-souled people, that monster was 
made the instrument of His wrath, it was that tyrant, that 
wretch, that in his own person exalted the intellect, the 
passions and the crimes of men over the divinely inspired 
teachings of the Church of God. It was that Attilla, that 
scourge of religion that put out the holy and venerable 
light of Catholic teaching, Catholic truth, and Catholic 
salvation in England; and through whose Satanic inspira- 
tions, iron-handed tyranny and crimes the English nation 
fell prostrate and apostatized, abandoned to reprobation 
by an avenging God. Then followed the wanton and sac- 
riligious plunder, robbery and spoliation of the Monas- 
teries and the sanctuaries of religion, and upon their ruins 
was erected the baleful, lurid and treacherous light of the 
Protestant Reformation, the greatest misnomer ever invented 
by man. It is by that false light that the histories of 
England and Ireland have been written since that time, 
but like suborned witnesses, the truth is obtained by the 
discrepancies of their testimony ; for instance, Macauley, 
the able historian of England, in speaking of the English 
reformers, says that : " They were — a king, whose character 
may be best described by saying that he was despotism 
itself personified : — unprincipled ministers, a rapacious 
aristocracy, a servile Parliament : such were the instru- 
ments by which England was delivered from the yoke of 
Home. The work which had been begun by Henry, the 



9 

murderer of his wives, was continued by Somerset, the 
murderer of his brother, and completed by Elizabeth, the 
murderer of her guest." And in order to establish the 
Reformation commenced by such reformers, every crime in 
the criminal calendar has been perpetrated ; not only to 
establish, but to uphold and perpetuate it, to erect and 
establish a Church, which has proved a vampire, an incu- 
bus and a curse on her dominions ever since ; a Church, to 
establish which, she waded through seas of blood and carnage 
and crime : and from the prostrate, corrupt and apostatized 
position to which Henry the Eighth subjected her to, she 
arose in all the plentitude of Protestant power. She be- 
came the champion of Protestantism throughout the world ; 
the anti-Christ of Christendom, and thereby entailing incal- 
culable misery, both temporal and eternal on the human race. 
I will here beg leave to state that the question of religion 
from this period monopolises a large share of the relations 
existing between England and Ireland, but I shall trace it 
from a historical point of view, sustained by English Pro- 
testant and anti-Irish historians, such as Sir John Davies, 
the Attorney-General under James the First, Leland, Carte, 
Warner, Temple, Clarendon, Borlace, Spencer, the poet ; 
Mcintosh, Macauley, and a number of others, whose sole 
aim and object was, in their histories of Ireland, 

"To distort the truth, to accumulate the lie, 
And pile the pyramid of calumny. " 

But there is enough truth revealed in those histories to 
overthrow the solid mass of falsehood and imposture erected, 
particularly during the seventeenth century, on the basis 
of fraud and perjury — fraud and perjury of the most palpable 
and astounding character. 

In all her relations with Ireland, the people and the Par- 
liament of England drew their inspirations from her kings, 
and of whose combined councils the Irish lord-deputies 
and parliaments were but the mere echoes or promulgat- 
ors, giving legal authority and sanction to the infamous 
and perfidious policy of the English Government ; they 
were never anything but time-serving, rapacious and bigoted 
agents of that accursed Power. 

2 



io 

And it was to such wretches of his own creation that 
Henry the Eighth, in 1537, entrusted the promulgation and 
enforcement, — by Irish statute, by the point of the bayonet, 
by the mouths of cannon and musketry, — the enforcement 
of the Protestant Reformation in Ireland ; and it is by 
such means the kings and queens, the people and Parlia- 
ments of England continue to enforce it to the present day. 
The whole Irish people arose in combined horror at the 
innovation on their ancient faith ; the descendants of the 
English settlers united with the faithful and indigenous 
Irish to denounce and resist it in one solid mass. The 
heartless tyrant could not either by menaces or bribery in- 
duce more than one of the Irish Bishops to apostatize, — 
Brown, Archbishop of Dublin, and he was an Englishman 
by birth ; and all the means suggested by the most subtle 
and Satanic ingenuity, all the strength and force that could 
be used by an unscrupulous and dominant Power, — the 
purse, the sword and the scaffold, applied and exercised 
with the most relentless cruelty for over three hundred 
years has not been able to eradicate from the hearts of the 
faithful and religious Irish, the faith of their ancesters, 
the inspired doctrines of the Catholic Church. That Church 
is triumphant in Ireland to-day ; that Church is the sole 
depository of the promises of God ; that Church is march- 
ing on to final triumph not only in Ireland, but throughout 
the world ; and as Macauley beautifully, and, I trust, pro- 
phetically, says, " That Church still exists, and will con- 
tinue to exist with undiminished vigor, when some traveller 
from New Zealand shall, in the midst of a vast solitude, 
take his stand upon a broken arch of Londcsi Bridge to 
sketch the ruins of St. Paul's." 

I will now proceed to state the horrible means by which 
the English Government undertook to subjugate Ireland to 
her religious and temporal dominion. It appears by the 
State papers of the reign of Henry the Eighth that there 
were no less than sixty districts or regions which were alto- 
gether under the dominion and authority of Irish chief- 
tains, and what will seem still more surprising to those un- 
acquainted with Irish history, there were no less than 



11 

thirty districts or regions under the sway and authority of 
chieftains of pure English descent, but who did not acknowl- 
edge or submit to the authority of the English Government. 

Thus stood unconquered Ireland in the reign of Henry 
the Eighth, after a war, more or less sanguinary, of over 
350 years' duration. No other nation or community that 
ever existed on earth can compare with it, or present such 
a record of vitality, such unswerving fidelity. 

Ireland was never conquered by the sword in fair and 
open warfare ; whereas, the tyrant, England, was three times 
conquered ; by the Romans, by the Saxons, and by the Nor- 
mans ; and will again be finally conquered by the victims 
of her many bloody tyrannies. 

The royal armies of Henry the Eighth were successfully and 
repeatedly defeated by the armies of the Irish chieftains, and 
it was only when the English commanders resorted to the guid- 
ing maxim of their nation, " Divide et Impera," that they were 
able to make any progress in the subjugation of that brave 
and sensitive people, the Irish ; so they set on foot the 
most arch and foul conspiracies to create dissensions, jeal- 
ousies and resentments among the Irish chieftains, which, 
alas ! were but too successful, and thereby enabled them 
to attack and defeat them separately. 

But it was in the reign of Queen Elizabeth that this 
policy acquired a terrible and relentless force. Elizabeth, 
the " virgin Queen" — Elizabeth, that bastaed daughter of 
A brutal King, — THAT base daughter, conceived in sin, and 

BROUGHT FORTH IN INIQUITY, — THAT HISTORIC LIBEL ON WOMAN- 
KIND, whose guilty and bloody career finds no parallel but in 
the iniquity of her origin, — the page of history that records 
her crimes runs red with the gore of her slaughtered victims. 
The sanguinary atrocities of her deputies and military 
commanders in Ireland were such that A cry of horror 

AROSE FROM THE GREAT HEART OF EUROPE, WHO STOOD AGHAST 

at their horrible butcheries. Those commanders should 
be ranked with Attila, Ghengis Khan, Bajazet and Barbarossa. 
So far as the limits of the island permitted, they deserve 
a conspicuous place in the annals of desolation, in com- 
pany with those fell destroyers of mankind. 



12 

The Sydney s, the Drurys, the Pelhams and the Grays, 
the Irish Deputies of Elizabeth, successfully carried out 
the policy of the English Government in Ireland. They 
first marked out for ruin and destruction, confiscation and 
death the sixteenth Earl of Desmond, the great chief- 
tain of Munster. After exhausting every means to drive 
and goad him and his followers into insurrection and 
rebellion, unsuccessfully, a bill of attainder was passed con- 
fiscating his immense estates to the crown, and he himself 
proclaimed a traitor. Immediately a war of extermination 
was commenced, which laid waste the whole province of 
Munster ; so that nothing was spared that fire and the 
sword could destroy, and ended in the foul murder of the 
aged Earl of Desmond, his head sent to Elizabeth, which 
she impaled on London Bridge. 

I will here give a few quotations from Spencer, the poet, 
and others, descriptive of the state of Munster at the close 
of that war : 

" Out of every corner of the woods and glens they came 
forth, creeping upon their hands, for their legs could not 
bear them ; they looked like anatomies of death ; they spoke 
like ghosts crying out of their graves ; they did eat the 
dead carrion, happy where they could find them ; yea, and 
one another soon after ; insomuch as the very carcasses 
they spared not to scrape out of their graves. So that in 
a short space of time there was almost none left, and a 
most populous an d plentiful country suddenly left void of 
man and beast." 

Morrison says : " No spectacle was more frequent in the 
ditches of towns, and especially in wasted counties, than 
to see multitudes of the poor people dead, with their mouths 
all colored green by eating nettles, docks, and all things 
they could rend up above ground." 

Leland says : " Thousands perished by famine, and every 
road and district was encumbered by their unburied car- 
casses. The hideous resources sought for allaying the 
rage of hunger were more terrible even than such desolation." 
- Cox says : " They performed that service (the murdering 
of the Irish) effectually, and brought the rebels to so low a 



:13 

condition that they saw . three children eating the entrails 
of their dead mother, upon whose flesh they fed for twenty 
days, roasting it by a slow fire ; and it was manifest that 
some older people had been in that starving condition that 
they killed and eat children for a long time together, and 
were at last discovered and executed for that barbarity ; in 
short the famine of Jerusalem did not exceed that among the 
rebels in Ireland." 

One more quotation, it is from Hollingshed : 

" Such horrible and lamentable spectacles there are to 
behold as the burning of villages, the ruin of churches, the 
wastage of such as have been good towns, and castles ; yea, 
the view of the bones and skulls of the subjects who, partly 
by murder, partly by famine, died in the fields, as hardly 
any Christian with dry eyes could behold." 

Was this desolation produced by open warfare ? No, on 
the contrary, it was deliberately produced by famine, in the 
destruction of all food necessary for subsistence, — by plotted 
murder and the indiscriminate slaughter and massacre of 
an unoffending people. 

That desolation was produced as the first installment of 
a deliberately matured plan to exterminate, to root out, to 
extirpate the Irish Catholics from Irish soil, a plan the 
English Government in Ireland has acted on with unrelent- 
ing cruelty down to our own times. That sanguinary and 
Satanic policy was conceived by Elizabeth and her minis- 
ters, chief of whom was that much lauded English philoso- 
pher, Lord Bacon, a man whom I pronounce as having 
possessed great genius of head, great corruption of heart 
and great meanness of soul. 

At the conclusion of the Desmond war 574,628 acres of 
land was confiscated, and reverted to Elizabeth, who por- 
tioned it out to the ministers of her perfidy and persecu- 
tions, and to extend over it the blessings (?) of the Protestant 
Reformation, to plant it with Protestantism. If you will 
agree not to draw unchristian conclusions, I will here state 
a natural and geographical fact ; it is this, that since the 
days of St. Patrick serpents never could perpetuate them- 
selves in Ireland. 



14 

Precisely the same diabolical system was applied to 
Ulster as was to Munster, which produced the same results. 
It was assailed in the person of its great chief O'Niel, as 
Desmond was in Munster. He (O'Niel) was of long tried 
loyalty, as Desmond was. The most frivolous and un- 
founded charges were trumped up against him ; he repaired 
to the Lord Deputy, Sydney, and convinced him of his in- 
nocence. Sydney advised him to visit the Court of Eliza- 
beth ; he did so in great splendor, having a large retinue 
with him, enrobed in splendid Irish national costume. He 
was received at the Court by Queen Elizabeth with great 
honor and distinction, where he excited great astonishment 
at his splendor, and great admiration for his wonderful 
talents. The Queen declared him guiltless of all the 
charges, and dismissed him with honor. 

Soon after his return to his own country the Lord De- 
puty, Sydney, received a dispatch from the Queen's Council 
in London, "to reduce O'Niel by force or otherwise." A 
bill of attainder was passed by the ever subservient Irish 
Parliament ; he was proclaimed a traitor, and a war of ex- 
termination was commenced. All the food in the land and 
on the land was destroyed, famine and pestilence produced, 
and indiscriminate slaughter and massacre ended the hor- 
rible tragedy. O'Niel was pursued into a Scotch camp by 
a spy of Sydney's, where he fled for succor ; he was mur- 
dered in cold blood, and his head sent to Sydney, who had 
it impaled on the gate of Dublin Castle. 

The same disposition was made of Ulster as was made 
of Munster ; the same treachery, the same confiscations, 
the same slaughter was kept up throughout Ireland until 
they " created a solitude and called it peace." 

I will conclude this horrible record by a quotation from 
Sir John Davies : " Thus had the Queen's army, under Lord 
Mountjoy, broken and absohitely subdued the lords and 
chieftains of the Irishry, whereupon the multitude brayed, 
as it were in a mortar, with sword, famine and pestilence 
together, submitted themselves to the English Govern- 
ment." Elizabeth went to her terrible account in the year 
1602. Then came the accession of the house, of Stewart, 
a house which combined in its representatives on the Eng- 



15 

lisli throne, all the ingratitude, all the baseness, and all the 
treachery which can be found in human nature. 

Elizabeth was succeeded by James the First, who carried 
out the policy of that female monster in rooting out the 
Catholics by forged plots, the pretended discovery of trea- 
sonable conspiracies and the most astounding chicanery 
and legal iniquity, by which the Earl of Tyrone and Tyr- 
connell were compelled to fly to the continent of Europe 
for safety, where James pursued them with falsehood, cal- 
umny and detraction ; he confiscated their estates, embrac- 
ing 500,000 acres of land, dispossessed their Catholic ten- 
ants, and established a plantation of purely Scotch and 
English settlers, their tenures binding them under heavy 
penalties never to sell to the " mere Irish" or Catholics of 
any nation for " the disposal to persons who did not take 
the oath of supremacy and conform themselves in religion 
according lo His Majesty's laws." 

By the princely perfidy and insatiable thirst for plunder 
with which he exercised his " sense of law, honor and con- 
science," he involved in one common ruin the once proud 
owners of large estates, and raised to rank and fortune 
many of the lowest order of society, thereby changing the 
whole face of the country ; without any of the tricks played 
by his predecessors or the heartless violence committed by 
them or by himself in Ulster, he proceeded soon after to plun- 
der his subjects in Kings and Queens Counties, Leitrim, 
Longford and Westmeath of estates to the amount of 
385,000 acres, of which he made the same disposition as 
he had in Ulster, and was seriously contemplating a simila 
operation in Connaught, when death humanely rescued 
the nation from the merciless gripe of the infamous and 
canting hypocrite, leaving behind him, however, a legion 
of harpies to be guided by his villainous example. 

His son, that ill-fated monarch, Charles the First, suc- 
ceeded him, who forfeited his life on the scaffold to the 
fury of British fanaticism ; but the perfidy, treachery and 
dishonor that marked his crimes against Ireland did not 
form any part of the accusations against him by his English 
subjects. Oh, no ! on the contrary, he did not come up to the 



u 

level of their designs against that country. There was no man 
ever punished in England for crimes against Ireland. 

In 1628 Charles the First entered into a solemn contract 
with the Catholics of Ireland, through a deputation sent 
for that purpose to London, by which he agreed to grant 
them a series of acts of justice, w r hich were styled " graces," 
guaranteeing to them better tenures for their lands, and a 
freer exercise of their religion, for the payment on their 
part of the sum of .£150,000, and three subsidies of £40,000 
each. They fulfilled their part of the contract to the letter, 
and he, after plighting his royal word and honor for its 
fulfillment, not only shamelessly, treacherously and dishon- 
orably violated his word of honor, but in the following year 
he ordered his Lord Deputy, Faulkland, to issue a pro- 
clamation commanding all the priests, monks and friars to 
disperse themselves, and to give up their convents, colleges, 
monasteries, and all other places where they conventually 
or collegiately assembled. The following is an extract from 
that proclamation : 

" And that all and every of the orders before named, and 
other priests whatsoever, do from henceforth forbear to 
preach, teach or celebrate their service in any church, chapel 
or other public oratory or place, or to teach any school in 
anyplace or places whatsoever within the said kingdom." 

Faulkland's successor, "Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, the 
most consummate political villain that ever carried out the 
behests of a treacherous and dishonest monarch, — this vil- 
lain Strafford (who, like his master, found his doom on the 
scaffold) was instructed by Charles to carry out in Con- 
naught the infamous design contemplated by his father, 
James the First, that implanting it with English and Scotch, 
and sub-planting the Catholics. And thereupon ensued a 
complicated scene of rapine, fraud and oppression not often 
exceeded in the annals of human injustice. 

Then followed the pretended discovery of plots on the 
part of the Catholics, to massacre the Protestants, based 
on the statements of perjured and drunken wretches, by 
which was fomented and produced the great insurrection 
and rebellion of 1641. 

Upon the events preceding, and the occurrences during 



17 

that insurrection, was based the most stupendous mass of 
historical falsehood and imposture, exaggeration and calumny, 
engendering misconceptions aud prejudices against the Irish 
Catholics, which has been cultivated and perpetuated down 
to our own day. 

The writers and historians of that period, endorsed by the 
statutes of both the English and Irish parliaments, erected 
such a pyramid of odium and obloquy on the Irish Catholic 
name and race, that it has furnished the false, foul, and dis- 
gusting material for Protestant and anti-Irish writers ever 
since. 

That pyramid was prohibited by law from being disturbed, 
for the space of one hundred and fifty years. 

There was a cessation of the civil war in 1643, owing prin- 
cipally to the Puritan revolution going on in England, and 
during which, a confederation of all the Catholics was formed, 
which gave them an ascendancy for a brief period. Did 
they retaliate on the Protestants by following the example 
of their persecutions ? No ; on the contrary, as Taylor says 
in his history of the civil wars of Ireland, " They never in- 
jured a single person in life or limb, for professing a religion 
different from their own." 

Parnell says, "The Irish Roman Catholics are the only 
sect that ever resumed power, without exercising vengeance." 

The Irish espoused the cause of Charles in his contest with 
the Puritans; after their triumph over Charles, which re- 
sulted in his being brought to the scaffold, and in order to 
establish their triumph over the English mind, by the slaughter 
of the Irish, Cromwell, at the head of his parliamentry army, 
and with his sword reeking with the blood of his sovreign, 
went over to Ireland, to resume the civil and religious war 
there. 

Cromwell, that apotheosis of human villainy. ; that wretch, 

TEAT DEMON, WHO WITH ALL THE INSTINCTS OP INCARNIDINED 
DEVILS, COMBINED WITH THE RAGE OF HELL, CLAIMED THE BLAS- 
PHEMOUS MISSION OF PERFORMING THE WILL OF THE LIVING GOD, 
BY OFFERING UP HOLOCAUSTS OF SLAUGHTERED THOUSANDS IN 

glorification of His NAME. So another war of extermination 
was commenced in Ireland, and continued under the com- 

3 



18 

bined influence of devouring avarice, religious bigotry, and 
the most rancorous national hostility. 

It was conducted by Cromwell and his Puritan parliamen- 
tary armies, who were officered by such bloodthirsty savages 
as Coote, St. Leger, Monroe, Inchiquin, Grenville, Hamilton, 
Tichburne and Ireton. Men who are entitled to, and deserve 
as bad a pre-eminence as the commanders of Queen Elizabeth. 

In 1653, the struggle ended from sheer exhaustion ; the 
butcheries by Cromwell at Drogheda, where the flower of the 
Irish army surrendered, on honorable conditions, tendered by 
Cromwell, on laying down their arms, and after doing so ; he 
ordered the indiscriminate slaughter of the garrison and 
citizens, man, woman, and child, which lasted for five days. 
A similar slaughter under like circumstances in Wexford, 
the massacre of 500 people in the cathedral of Cashel, who 
fled there for safety. And so the work of blood went on in 
like manner in many other places, until above 500,000 of the 
Irish race were wasted by the sword, famine, plague, banish- 
ment into the armies of Europe, and transportation to the 
"West Indies of over 80,000, only 20 people of whom survived 
10 years. 

And then Cromwell proclaimed Ireland subdued, and pro- 
ceeded to parcel it out among his friends and supporters. 

Clarendon says, that the " Whole great Kingdom of Ire- 
land, was taken from the just proprietors, and divided among 
those who had no other right to it, but that they had the 
power to keep it." 

And the Duke of Ormond says, that " No other reason was 
given for taking away men's estates, than that they were 
Irish Papists." 

Then followed the restoration of the Stuarts, a dynasty 
that was always a curse to the Irish Catholics, under the 
guise of hollow protestations and professions of friendship 
and protection ; Charles the 2d said in his speech to parlia- 
ment, in 1660 : " I hope I need say nothing of Ireland, and 
that they alone shall not be without the benefit of my mercy ; 
they have showed much affection to me abroad, and you will 
have a care of my honor, and of what I have promised 
them." 

And, again, in a subsequent speech, in speaking of their 



19 

fidelity to his house, " Which demeanor of theirs, cannot but 
be thought worthy of our protection, justice and favor." 

Incredible as it may appear, after those professions, he in his 
proclamation of amnesty and pardon, after excluding the 
Regicides or those immediately implicated in the execution 
of his father, he excluded all those engaged in, or aided 
and abetted the civil war in Ireland, which meant the whole 
Irish Catholic body ; he had every obstacle thrown in the 
way of the acquisition of their property from the Crom- 
wellian usurpers, and raised to rank and station, those very 
usurpers and plunderers, who were the murderers of his father. 

The fatal fatuity by which the Irish adhered to the ill-fated 
fortunes of the Stuarts cannot be explained in any other way 
than in their stern devotion to any cause or principle they 
espouse. 

When the rage of religious intolerence, and the fury of 
British bigotry, drove James the Second from the English 
throne and the English Nation, because of his Catholicism, 
and attempting to place Catholic scholars in chairs of learn- 
ing in England, and raised the Dutch usurper William, Prince 
of Orange, to his place, he went over to Ireland. The Irish 
Catholics in a body hurried to his standard, thereby entail- 
ing a war of three years duration, with all its concomitant 
slaughter, spoliations and confiscations ; in a word filling up 
to the brim the measure of their miseries. 

James, throughout that war, proved himself utterly un- 
worthy of their support, for instance, when at the Battle of 
the Boyne, the Irish were pushing hard upon the Protestant 
army under William the Third, and on the point of defeating 
them, he cried out, " Oh ! spare my son-in-law ; save, Oh ! 
save my English subjects." So the battle was lost. 

The war ended by the raising of the siege of Limerick, by 
the English Commander, Ginkle, who received peremptory 
orders from William the 3d to close the war by treaty with 
the Irish commanders in Limerick on any terms. Which was 
accordingly done ; the Irish surrendering the city upon the 
obtainment of a liberal and honorable treaty, securing their 
rights of property and religion, which was duly ratified by 
William and Mary. 

The climax of British perfidy was reached in the ignoring, 



20 

the violating, the trampling under foot of every stipulation 
exacted in that treaty, to the unblushing dishonor and dis- 
honesty, and the treachery involved in its violation, was 
added subsequently, the supreme atrocity of the enactment 
of a code of laws called, " The penal code for the prevention 
of the growth of Popery." Which for subtle, pervading and 
wide-spread iniquity, was never surpassed in the annals 
of legislation. " It had," as Edmund Burke described it, 
(Edmund Burke ! one of the many gems of Irish genius, set 
in the coronet of British fame.) " It had a vicious perfection 
it was a complete system — full of coherence and consistency ; 
well digested and well disposed in all its parts, it was a 
machine of wise and elaborate contrivance, and well fitted 
for the impoverishment, the oppression, and the degradation 
of a people, and the debasement in them of human nature 
itself, as ever proceeded from the perverted ingenuity of 
man." And again, when speaking of that ferocious code, he 
says : " When those laws were not bloody, they were worse, 
they were slow, cruel, and outrageous in their nature, and 
kept men alive, only to insult in their persons every one of 
the rights and feelings of humanity." 

" Protestant Ascendency, is neither more nor less, than the 
resolution of one set of people, in Ireland, to consider them- 
selves as the sole citizens in the Commonwealth, and to keep 
a dominion over the rest, by reducing them to absolute 
slavery, under a military power." 

" I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the princi- 
ples of the Protestant Ascendency as they affect Ireland. 
No country, I believe, since the world began, suffered so 
much on account of Religion, as Ireland." 

That is how England fulfilled the stipulations of the treaty 
of Limerick; and in order to carry out and execute that 
elaborate system of iniquity, there was an order of men in- 
stituted under the colors and patronage of William the 3d, 
to aid the government in the villainous execution of those 
laws. That order still exists in Ireland, and every man of 
them are tainted from their birth with the leprosy of treason to 
their native land. 

During the long, dark period of sixty years, those laws 
remained in full force against the Catholics ; those laws in less 



21 

than half the time, would demoralize any other community 
on earth. The first gleam of light that compelled their 
partial relaxation, was shed by the American Revolution. 

Then followed the organization of the Irish Volunteers, 
which arose under the inspiring eloquence of Grattan, Flood, 
Hussey Burg, and others, and under whose auspices the 
Irish parliament asserted its independence of the English parlia- 
ment for the first and last time, accompanied by the hollow 
dream of the independence of Ireland, based upon loyalty to 
the English throne. Grattan was the only man of that period, 
on whose soul the dark and leaden weight of the penal code, 
and Protestant Ascendency, did not press with fatal effect 
in their aspirations for independence. They could not part 
with a sj'stem, that perpetuated their unhallowed oligarchy. 
The Catholics were not permitted to take any part in the 
movement, except in the ranks of the volunteers ; there arose 
from the movement, however, an evanescent period of pros- 
perity. 

The organization of the United Irishmen emanated from 
the volunteers, which embraced m its ranks the purest and 
best patriots, with the best principles of any body of men, 
that ever organized for the redemption of Ireland. But it 
was defective in its system of organization, wanting concert 
of action ; the government, by its intrigues, spies, and in- 
formers, precipitated a premature outbreak, and crushed it in 
a few months, after which it resolved on the destruction of 
the Irish Parliament, and proceeded to fill it with the crea- 
tures of its own power. By the rotten borough system, and 
the most astounding bribery and corruption. And it was that 
body, that passed the act of Union ; selling themselves and the 
parliament to England forever. It was no loss to Ireland, for 
it was always the subservient agent of English oppression. 

The abortive attempt of Emmett, Fitzgerald and others, 
soon after, to liberate their country, sheds a melancholy glory on 
Irish patriotism. But if the blood of the martyrs is the seed 
of the Church, so the blood of the rnartj-rs of Irish liberty 
is the seed of Irish freedom and independence. They have 
ennobled the prisoner's dock, the dungeon , and the Si-afold. 

The long and persevering agitation of Daniel O'Connell, 
for Catholic emancipation, resulting in the abolition of 



another instalment of the penal laws, but a large remnant 
of them remains in force there yet, and will remain there, 
as long as a remnant of British power remains in the country 
to enforce them. The Bepeal movement succeeded only in 
the development of the great intellectual and physical re- 
sources of Ireland ; as for the rest it failed utterly, and ought 
to fail, or any movement that is based on loyalty to the English 
Crown. The loyalty of Irishmen to the English Crown is 
treason to Ireland. 

The first act of power of England in Ireland, was a usurpa- 
tion, she succeeded in perpetuating that usurpation, and she 
is a usurper in Ireland to-day. She has not now, nor ever 
had any legal right there ; all her claims to govern Ireland 
have rested on that monstrous imposture, that hideous sole- 
cism, that the crown of Ireland is vested in that of England ; 
and until Ireland tramples her Dragon in the dust, as she 
trampled on the Raven of the Dane, she can never be free ; 
there is no freedom for Ireland in connection with England. 
I will go further, there is no freedom for Ireland but in the 
overthrow of the British Empire. 

Thus we have seen, that throughout her long and tyrannical 
rule in Ireland, England has not ceased to strike, and slay, 
and exterminate, the people of that land, continuously and suc- 
cessively the sickening record runs. King after king, deputy 
after deputy, parliament after parliament, people after people, 
have done nothing but endeavor to convert that beautiful 
land into a farm to feed the swarms of the hungry and rapa- 
cious vultures of her unhallowed power. And now, in our 
own day, what do we behold ? We behold a miracle of the 
living God, — we behold 17,000,000 of the Irish race emerging 
from the desert, the wilderness of centuries. 

Thus captive Israel multiplied in chains. " 

5,000,000 are on her own soil organizing for the redemption of 
their native land, and where are the other 12,000,000 ? They 
are precisely on the most assailable points of the British 
Empire, and organizing for the same purpose, and woe, 
eternal woe to the Irish traitor, or body of Irish traitors, that 
shall stand in the way of the successful and triumphant 
termination of their purpose. They shall be overwhelmed, 



23 

tend their names shall go down to posterity, accompanied by as 
fold a stench, as was ever yet emitted from the pollution of In- 
famy, to nauseate and disgust mankind. 

Ladies and Gentlemen : — There is a meaning and a force 
in the events transpiring in our times, that amounts almost 
to the fulfillment of prophecy, and they point with unmistak- 
able and terrible precision to the British Empire, that Em- 
pire is a menace to mankind, it is a reproach to Christen- 
dom. 

Russia and this great and grand Republic of ours, are the 
coming Empires, the one looming up in the East, the other 
in the West, — both acquiring giant-like power and proportions, 
they will in time possess the controlling influence in the desti- 
nies of nations. England must sink between them. There 
is a striking analogy between the Iron Empire of Pagan Rome, 
and that of Great Britain ; they acquired and maintained 
their power by the same unhallowed means. Pagan Rome 
became drunk with the blood of the saints, and filled up the 
measure of her iniquities, and then God chastised her in his 
wrath. She was permitted to persecute the church, but three 
hundred years, and then had she to bite the dust. 

England, also, has persecuted the Church of the living God, 
for three hundred years, and she too will be made to bite 
the dust. Already the handwriting is upon the wall in letters 
of living light ; and when the Nemesis of nations shall arraign 
her for trial before the world, and unroll her long, dark, 
bloody, and atrocious catalogue of crimes against mankind, — ■ 
(Ha! ha! where is heard now the vaunted roaring of her 
Boasted Lion? he is confronted by another Daniel, and he is 
powerless ; another Daniel come to judgment and he trem- 
bles.) Then will be pronounced the following sentence : 
" Thou usurper and tyrant ! thou trampler upon the rights 
of mankind and of human nature ! thou scourge of truth. ! 
thou moloch of iniquity ! thou harlot of nations ! the 
wrath of god is upon thee ! thy race is run, thy career is 
ended, thy enemies shall encompass thee around, the troud 
and fearless eagles of liberty will swoop upon thee, and 
tear thy mantle of hypocricy form off thy wolfish carcass, 
the irish wolf-dog will seize thee and rend thy vitals 



24 

ASUNDER, SO THAT THOU SHALT GO DOWN, — DOWN INTO THE DUST 
OF THE PAST AGES, IN DARKNESS AND IN BLOOD, — THE CURSES 
AND THE EXECRATIONS OF THE CIVILIZED WORLD RESOUNDING IN 
THY EARS." 

Then, and not till then, can Ireland be free ; then, and not 
till then, can Emmett's epitaph be written ; — then will Ire- 
land take her place, as the most ancient and enduring Nation 
in the world. 

Ireland never lost her nationality ; she adhered tena- 
ciously to all the elements of her nationality and bore 
them with her through all the wilderness of centuries, 
and her sons to-day possess in full force all the elements 
necessary to perpetuate that nationality ; her sons have 
shed lustre on the councils of every nation in Christendom ; 
and the blood they have shed on every battle-field attest 
their courage, bravery and heroism ; there is no battle-cry 
so appalling or terrific,— no charge so fierce or triumphant- 

Ladies and Gentlemen : — I conceive it to be the moral, 
patriotic and religious duty of every man and woman of 
the Irish race to inspire their souls with a persevering, a 
burning desire for the freedom of their native land, — not 
only to desire, but to mould that desire into indomitable, 
all-conquering, triumphant will, — a will that will brave all 
danger, —a will that will endure all suffering and make all 
sacrifices; — for such are the offerings all peoples have been 
called upon to lay on the altar of their country's liberty. I 
care not how much genius or how much wealth an Irish- 
man may possess,— I care not how exalted he may be in 
learning or in science, — he may fill the most exalted sta- 
tion in any country, — the most envied status in social life ; 
no matter where he moves or what elevation he may attain, 
he may not escape the dark shadow of his country's op- 
pression ; it pursues him and rests upon him, and darkens 
his footsteps ; but with Ireland free, with his own nation at his 
back, he will walk forth free and prosperous, jubilant and 
exultant, the peer and equal of any man that walks the 
earth, the peer and equal of the American, the highest type 
of civilized man in modern times. 

THE end. 



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